If the women's reservation bill is passed, but when will it be implemented is a big question


- The government is silent on how the bottlenecks in implementation will be removed

- Under the one person, one vote rule, seats in southern and western states will decrease while seats in northern states will increase

- Finally the delimitation exercise started in 2002 and it ended after 6 years i.e. on 19 February 2008. Thus, according to the sequence, the first census will be conducted after 2026

- Opinion - P. Chidambaram

Let's look at three important dates in the history of India's Constitution and Parliament: September 12, 1996: Prime Minister Dev Gowda's government presented the Constitution (81 Amendment) Bill in Parliament. In this bill, there was a provision to reserve one-third seats for women in Parliament and state legislatures. However, no further progress could be made.

March 9, 2020: Prime Minister Manmohan Singh's government presented the Constitution (108th Amendment) Bill in the Rajya Sabha. This bill was similar to the 1996 bill and was passed by 186 votes in the Rajya Sabha. Only 1 vote was cast against it. However, there was no progress after being brought to the Lok Sabha. This bill was also canceled when the 15th Lok Sabha was dissolved.

September 18, 2023: Prime Minister Narendra Modi's government presented the Constitution (128th Amendment) Bill in the Lok Sabha. The bill, which has been passed by both the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha, also has a provision to reserve one-third seats for women in Parliament and state assemblies.

Shocking conditions

As the bill is passed by both houses, it will become a law with the President's signature. However, the law will be implemented after the delimitation exercise is carried out. The census was originally supposed to be held in 2021 but has been delayed. Census is a large and comprehensive exercise and it takes two years before the results are declared. The date when the census will start has not been announced.

The reallocation of seats to each state in the Lok Sabha has been put on hold till 2026. Under the one person, one vote rule, seats in southern and western states will decrease while seats in northern states will increase. States where seats are shrinking feel that they are being punished for the exercise to prevent population explosion by limiting the number of family members through education, better healthcare and information. Although the moratorium on the allocation will be lifted with the declaration of the results of the first census to be conducted after 2026, there may be political obstacles to the census exercise. After the reallocation, the delimitation exercise under the new delimitation act will be started. Finally the delimitation exercise started in 2002 and it ended after 6 years i.e. on February 19, 2008. Thus, in order, after 2026, the first census will be conducted, the relevant statistics will have to be declared, then the re-allocation of seats in the Lok Sabha, the new delimitation act, the delimitation of constituencies and finally the turn of reservation. The dates of when all these measures will be carried out are not fixed. The implementation of the Women's Reservation Act will depend on uncertain developments. I am afraid it will take more time than 2029.

A losing move

The Modi government cannot pretend that it is unaware of all these measures to implement the Women's Reservation Act. The 1996 and 2010 bills did not have this restriction. During his remarks on three occasions on September 19, 2023, the Prime Minister did not clarify anything about how these disruptions would be removed. The government's silence on the pre-conditions for the implementation of the Women's Reservation Act is ominous. It is clear that the Modi government wants to shift this responsibility to the next government.

The list of voters is sufficient

Women do not get adequate representation in many sectors including Lok Sabha, State Legislature. The root of this problem is related to their economic and social level. The labor participation rate (LPR) in the workforce is 45.20 percent. Among women, the figure is 20.60 percent. Most of the women are forced to work in their homes. The level of education among girls is also low. Women in the country do not get enough nutritious food.

57 percent of women between the ages of 15-49 suffer from vitiligo. Low social status, low personal income and household responsibilities have kept women from participating in the political arena. Rajiv Gandhi and P.V. Narasimha Rao got about 13 lakh women into panchayats and municipalities through reservation. Now it is the turn of reservation in Lok Sabha and state assembly.

Women have waited for 30 years since the idea of ​​reservation was first mooted. A census or delimitation exercise is not required to identify which of the existing constituencies to be reserved for women. This requires only the electoral roll which is currently used in each state to reserve seats in panchayats and municipalities. A new Article 344A was added through the Women's Reservation Bill to relax the implementation of reservation. It had to be cancelled.


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